Mount Auburn Cemetery- The First Rural Cemetery in the United States
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Mount Auburn Cemetery has the distinction of being the first rural cemetery (also known as a garden cemetery) in the United States. Admired for its picturesque landscape design and Victorian funerary art, Mount Auburn became the catalyst and prototype for the American rural cemetery movement of the mid-19th century.
In addition to its historic importance and role as an arboretum, Mount Auburn Cemetery is also known for being the burial place of many prominent Boston Brahmins, the city’s traditional upper class.
In This Post
History of Mount Auburn Cemetery
In the early 1800s, the city of Boston was facing a land use problem, and potential health concerns, due to an increasing amount of burials in urban churchyards. This dilemma was not unique to Boston, as cities in Europe faced the same problem in the 19th century. In Europe, the solution was to create rural cemeteries, and soon the same approach was tried in the United States.
The idea for Mount Auburn Cemetery was conceived around 1825 by Dr. Jacob Bigelow, who had concerns about the unhealthiness of church graveyards at the time. To facilitate the creation of this new rural cemetery, the Massachusetts Horticultural Society purchased 72 acres of woodland in Cambridge and Watertown for use as a garden cemetery.
When Mount Auburn Cemetery was opened on September 24, 1831, it became the first rural cemetery in the United States. A crowd of more than 2,000 people gathered for the cemetery’s dedication address by Supreme Court Justice, and first president of the Mount Auburn Association, Joseph Story.
It wasn’t long until Mount Auburn Cemetery became known for its tranquil atmosphere and beautifully landscaped setting, a reputation it still holds today. The cemetery became so popular that by the 1840s it was one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country, welcoming about 60,000 visitors per year.
Throughout the course of Mount Auburn Cemetery’s history, it has managed to preserve Victorian era tastes in landscape design and funerary art, while evolving to reflect changing attitudes towards death and how loved ones are commemorated. It is even credited as beginning the movement for public parks and gardens in the United States.
Mount Auburn Cemetery’s historical significance, both as a landscape and burial place, led to it being listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and designated as a National Historic Landmark in 2003.
Despite its age and popularity, Mount Auburn Cemetery has burial space available and remains a non-denominational place of remembrance.
Design of Mount Auburn Cemetery
Mount Auburn Cemetery is a classic example of a 19th century rural cemetery with a landscaped, park-like appearance inspired by the English garden movement and elaborate memorials adorned with Victorian symbolism.
Its 175 acres have a romantic aesthetic with plenty of natural features such as mature woodlands, shrubs, ponds, ornamental gardens, and rolling hills. A web of curving roads and pathways divides the cemetery into small sections of scenic serenity.
Mount Auburn Cemetery was designed by Henry A.S. Dearborn, President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, with assistance from Alexander Wadsworth and Jacob Bigelow. They drew inspiration for its design from Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, the world’s original garden cemetery.
Throughout Mount Auburn Cemetery you’ll see several styles of monuments and memorials including obelisks, columns, canopies, pedestals, ledger stones, steles, urns, relief carvings, sarcophagi, and temples.
Much of the monumental sculpture in Mount Auburn Cemetery is decorated with allegorical figures and symbols conveying eternity, grief, hope, peace, affection, and many more ideas relating to life and death.
In addition to Mount Auburn’s artistic and symbolic funerary art, you’ll find three buildings of architectural interest. There’s the prominent Egyptian Revival entrance gate, the Bigelow Chapel made of Quincy granite and stained glass windows, and the 62 ft tall Washington Tower which provides a panoramic view of the cemetery.
The design of Mount Auburn Cemetery was so admired in the 1800s that it served as a model for other rural cemeteries in the United States. Some of the cemeteries whose style was influenced by Mount Auburn include Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, and Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.
Notable Monuments in Mount Auburn Cemetery
There are over 60,000 monuments thoughtfully placed around Mount Auburn Cemetery to commemorate significant events and individuals. Some of the monuments are notable for who or what they memorialize, while others are recognized for their design characteristics and artistic value.
Here are just a few of the many gorgeous monuments in Mount Auburn Cemetery you can see when visiting.
Mount Auburn Cemetery Sphinx
One of the most unique and unexpected monuments in Mount Auburn Cemetery is the Sphinx sculpture on the Bigelow Chapel Lawn.
Designed by Jacob Bigelow and sculpted from a single block of granite by Martin Milmore in 1872, the Sphinx at Mount Auburn Cemetery serves as a memorial to the Civil War. A sphinx figure was chosen because of its association with strength and intelligence.
The monument is 15 feet long and incorporates symbolism from ancient Egyptian and American cultures. On the Sphinx’s headdress there’s an eagle and elsewhere on the monument you’ll see an American water lily and an Egyptian lotus.
An inscription on the monument reads, in both Latin and English, “American union preserved, African slavery destroyed, By the uprising of great people, By the blood of fallen heroes.”
Shaw Monument
The Shaw Monument commemorates Robert Gould Shaw, a Boston philanthropist, as well as his grandson of the same name, a colonel who commanded the all-black 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment during the Civil War.
The Shaw Monument is notable not only for its cultural significance, but for its Neoclassical design too. Interestingly, the monument’s centerpiece is a Greco-Roman marble bas-relief from the 1st century B.C. that was imported from Athens, Greece. It features two winged boreads who were the “wind brothers” in Greek mythology.
Naval Monument for the United States Exploring Expedition
Mount Auburn Cemetery has a large marble obelisk that commemorates the United States Exploring Expedition, one of the country’s greatest naval expeditions. The expedition circumnavigated the globe, surveying and collecting specimens from the Pacific Ocean and surrounding lands.
The monument was erected in 1843 to honor four men who lost their lives during the voyage. The cenotaph resembles an Egyptian obelisk and stands 22 feet high.
Binney Monument
The Binney Monument is the only monument in Mount Auburn Cemetery that has been designated an American Treasure, an honor bestowed in 1999 by the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the White House Millenium Committee.
The monument memorializes Amos Binney, a naturalist and art collector, and is known for being the only completed piece of funerary art by renowned American sculptor Thomas Crawford.
Carved from Carrara marble in 1847, the monument features sculpted drapery, a laurel wreath, and an image of a male spirit rising to Heaven. On the back of the monument is an image of a mourning woman clutching an urn to her chest.
The Binney Monument is considered by many to be Crawford’s greatest work of art.
Benjamin Franklin Memorial
Even though Benjamin Franklin is not buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery (his resting place is at Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia), there is a monument dedicated to him in the cemetery.
Mount Auburn’s Benjamin Franklin Memorial was erected in 1855 by Thomas Dowse, a philanthropist and admirer of Franklin and his work. The obelisk monument to Franklin was placed adjacent to Dowse’s own obelisk memorial.
There’s an inscription on the monument that reads, “To the memory of Benjamin Franklin, the Printer, the Philosopher, the Statesman, the Patriot, who, by his wisdom, blessed his country and his age, and bequeathed to the world an illustrious example of industry, integrity, and self-culture.”
Thomas Handasyd Perkins Memorial
The gravesite of Thomas Handasyd Perkins, a wealthy merchant and philanthropist, has one of the most beloved memorials in Mount Auburn Cemetery.
Covering the Perkins tomb is a sculpture of a Newfoundland dog laying down with its head upright. The sculptor, Horatio Greenough, did a wonderful job capturing the dog’s longing gaze, as though he/she is missing his owner.
Nathaniel Bowditch Memorial
The monument to mathemetician and ship captain Nathaniel Bowditch features a bronze sculpture of Bowditch sitting on an Egyptian-style granite pedestal. At his feet lay an octant and celestial globe- a nod to his creation of modern maritime navigation techniques.
The Bowditch Monument was crafted in 1847 by renowned British-American sculptor Robert Ball Hughes and is known for being the first life-size bronze cast in the United States.
Eddy Monument
One of the finest monuments in Mount Auburn Cemetery is the Mary Baker Eddy Memorial, a Neoclassical temple made out of Bethel White granite.
The memorial to Mary Baker Eddy, a religious leader, was designed by architect Egerton Swartwout. The open temple looks out onto Halcyon Lake and features Greek-inspired columns and a set of curving steps around the base of the monument. The temple is considered to be one of the best examples of granite carving in the United States.
More Monuments in Mount Auburn Cemetery
Some other exceptional monuments and memorials you can see when visiting Mount Auburn Cemetery are:
- Mary Wigglesworth’s grave- a marble sculpture of a baby’s wicker cradle
- William Frederick Harnden’s grave- a canopy covering a pedestal with a large urn and sculpture of a dog
- Henry Coffin Nevin’s grave- a ledger stone decorated with two angel sculptures and a high-relief cross
- First Corps of Cadets Monument- a 22 ft tall pedestal and obelisk cenotaph
- Atkins children’s grave- a marble portrait sculpture of three children
Mount Auburn Cemetery Burials- Famous Graves in Mount Auburn Cemetery
There are more than 100,000 people buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery. Among the Mount Auburn Cemetery burials are scientists, inventors, architects, writers, artists, educators, conservationists, politicians, and the Boston elite.
Here are some of the many notable burials in Mount Auburn Cemetery.
Politicians
- Charles Sumner (1811-1874)- U.S. Senator and abolitionist
- Henry Cabot Lodge (1850-1924) and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902-1985)- U.S. Senators
- Edward Everett (1794-1865)- Governor of Massachusetts, U.S. Secretary of State, president of Harvard University
Scientists and Inventors
- Charles Eliot (1859-1897)- chemist, president of Harvard University
- Theodore William Richards (1868-1928) Chemist, first American to receive the Nobel Prize in chemistry
- Katharine Burr Blodgett (1898-1979)- physicist, first woman to earn a doctorate degree in physics from Cambridge University, inventor of “invisible” glass
- Edwin Land (1909-1991)- inventor of polarizing film and the Polaroid instant camera
Military Members
- Charles Russell Lowell (1835-1864)- Civil War Colonel
- Thomas Cass (1821-1862)- Civil War General
- Harvey M. Munsell (1843-1913)- Union Army soldier, Medal of Honor recipient for his actions during the Battle of Gettysburg
Justices, Judges and Lawyers
- Joseph Story (1779-1845)- Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
- George Lewis Ruffin (1834-1886)- first African American to graduate from Harvard Law School, first African American judge in the United States
- Clement Morgan (1859-1929)- Lawyer, first African American to earn degrees from both Harvard College and Harvard Law, founder of the Boston branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
- Felix Frankfurter (1882-1965)- Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
Writers
- Amy Lowell (1874-1925)- Pullitzer Prize winning poet
- Eleanor Porter (1868-1920)- novelist, author of Pollyanna
- Elizabeth Cary Agassiz (1822-1907)- author and illustrator of natural history texts, co-founder and president of Radcliffe College
- Hannah Adams (1755-1831)- first woman in the United States who worked as a professional writer, authored books about comparative religion
- Michael Kelly (1957-2003)- journalist, columnist, and editor known for reporting on the Gulf War
Others
- Jacob Bigelow (1787-1879)- physician, botanist, president and designer of Mount Auburn Cemetery
- William Barton Rogers (1804-1882)- founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Asa Gray (1810-1888)- botanist, professor at Harvard University
- Edwin Booth (1833-1893)- theater actor whose signature role was playing Prince Hamlet in Shakespeare’s Hamlet
- George Thorndike Angell (1823-1909)- founder of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
- Frederic Ward Putnam (1839-1915)- anthropologist and archaeologist
- Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)- psychologist known for Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)- behavioral psychologist and professor at Harvard University
- Benjamin C. Thompson (1918-2002)- architect who influenced mid to late 20th century urban design
- Curt Gowdy (1919-2006)- sportscaster
Interesting Facts About Mount Auburn Cemetery
There are many things to learn about Mount Auburn Cemetery, so here are a few more interesting facts about this outstanding burial ground:
- Locals originally referred to the land that became Mount Auburn Cemetery as “Sweet Auburn” after the fictitious town in the poem The Deserted Village. The cemetery’s founders chose the name “Mount Auburn” since it was similar to what most people already called the location.
- The first monument installed in the cemetery was to commemorate writer Hannah Adams, but its inscription incorrectly states that she was the first person buried at Mount Auburn. In actuality, the cemetery’s first interment was of a stillborn son born to Margaret and James Boyd.
- In 1833, the Tremont House hotel erected a tomb in the cemetery for out of town guests who died while staying at their property. Only a few interments were made at the Stranger’s Tomb so it was taken down.
- Sculpture wasn’t widely exhibited in Boston during the 19th century until Mount Auburn opened. As a result, the cemetery advanced the careers of sculptors who created Mount Auburn’s works of art, while also increasing demand for funerary sculpture in the United States.
- Poet Emily Dickinson visited Mount Auburn Cemetery in 1846 when she was 16 years old.
- In 1860 Queen Victoria’s son, the Prince of Wales who later became King Edward VII, visited Mount Auburn Cemetery and planted two trees.
- In 1966 the cemetery was awarded a gold medal by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society for 135 years of horticultural excellence.
- Mount Auburn has over 5,500 trees. There are three dozen oaks on the property that predate the cemetery, including one that has a trunk more than 3.5 feet in diameter.
- The cemetery is designated as a Massachusetts Important Bird Area and over 220 species of birds have been spotted here since 1958.
- In 2017, Mount Auburn Cemetery reached the milestone of 100,000 interments.
- Over 200,000 people visit Mount Auburn Cemetery each year.
Final Words
Mount Auburn is one of the most beautiful cemeteries in the United States, so is a must-see if you’re visiting the Boston area.
The cemetery holds great appeal for history buffs and those who appreciate the naturalistic setting of English landscape gardens. In a way, visiting Mount Auburn Cemetery is like walking through a botanical garden and museum of funerary art all in one. You never know what beautiful scene awaits around the next bend!
Perhaps the best quality of Mount Auburn Cemetery is that it appears to be an effortless union of art and nature, life and death. The towering trees, vibrant flowers, and fluttering birds and butterflies are a comforting reminder that life goes on, even during times of sorrow.
Practical Information for Visiting Mount Auburn Cemetery
Location: The entrance to Mount Auburn Cemetery is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts at 580 Mount Auburn Street. It’s about a 15 minute drive from downtown Boston.
Hours: Mount Auburn Cemetery is open daily from 8:00 am- 5:00 pm. There are extended hours during daylight savings. Confirm current hours here.
Admission Fees: None
Visitor Center: The cemetery’s visitor center is located in Story Chapel, near the entrance gate, and is open whenever the cemetery grounds are open. The visitor center is staffed daily from 9:00 am to 4:30 pm if you need help finding a grave or want suggestions for what to see in Mount Auburn Cemetery.
- Public restrooms are at the visitor center but there is no drinking water available.
- The visitor center is closed when Story Chapel is being used for funeral services.
Map: You can pick up a Mount Auburn Cemetery map in the visitor center or at the entrance gate. There’s also an interactive map here where you can search for burials and landmarks.
Parking: There isn’t a dedicated parking lot for cemetery visitors, but guests are welcome to park on main roads throughout the cemetery. Many visitors like to park around Asa Gray Garden, near the entrance, but if this area is full you’ll have to drive further into the cemetery.
Visitor Guidelines: Although Mount Auburn Cemetery has a park-like appearance, it is not a place for recreation. Picnicking, jogging, dog walking, and sitting on the grass are prohibited.
Tours: The Mount Auburn Cemetery App has themed tours you can use to guide you to notable sites during your visit. You can install the app onto your phone here. You can also view the self-guided tours of Mount Auburn Cemetery via the interactive map mentioned above.
- For groups, guided tours of Mount Auburn Cemetery are available for a fee and must be scheduled at least two weeks in advance. The Mount Auburn Cemetery walking tours typically take 90 minutes, cover a variety of topics, and can be customized according to your group’s interest. More information about guided group tours can be found here.
Accommodations
If you’re planning to visit Mount Auburn Cemetery and need accommodations, here is a list of hotels in Boston and surrounding area. Please consider booking your accommodations through the included link. It costs nothing extra and helps support this website.
Nearby Cemeteries
Here are some nearby cemeteries in Boston you may also be interested in:
- Granary Burying Ground- Burial Place of Three Founding Fathers of the U.S.A.
- King’s Chapel Burying Ground- Boston’s Oldest Cemetery
- Copp’s Hill Burying Ground- Boston’s Largest Colonial Cemetery
More Burial Places in the United States
- Arlington National Cemetery- History, Design and Notable Sites
- Tomb of the Unknown Soldier- A Guide to Arlington National Cemetery’s Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
- Arlington National Cemetery Burials- Who is Buried in Arlington National Cemetery
- Magnolia Cemetery- Charleston’s Oldest Public Cemetery